Next-generation photoelectrocatalysts: Real-time characterization and applications in sustainable energy and environment

Authors

  • Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials Laboratory (E2Nano Lab), Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Junhu Wang Mössbauer Effect Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116 023, China
Article ID: 455
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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18686/cest455

Keywords:

electrocatalytic water splitting; hydrogen evolution reaction; oxygen evolution reaction; transition metal dichalcogenides; electrocatalytic performance

Abstract

The twin global challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution call for innovative and sustainable technological solutions. Photoelectrocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for solar-driven water splitting and environmental remediation, offering an eco-friendly route for hydrogen production and pollutant degradation. At the heart of this progress are hybrid catalysts, which integrate multiple material components to synergistically enhance light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic efficiency. However, optimizing these intricate systems requires a thorough understanding of their behaviour under real-world operating conditions. This review provides a critical overview of the design principles, classifications, and synthesis methods of hybrid photoelectrocatalysts, with particular attention to their applications in water splitting and environmental cleanup. Special emphasis is placed on the use of real-time (in-situ and operando) spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray absorption, Raman, Mössbauer and transient absorption spectroscopies, which offer vital insights into active sites, reaction intermediates, and structure–performance relationships. These advanced tools are essential for guiding the rational design of catalysts and enhancing their durability. We also address current challenges, including issues of material stability and the intricacies of real-time analysis, and highlight emerging directions such as artificial intelligence-driven catalyst discovery and the integration of multiple spectroscopic methods. By bridging materials engineering with mechanistic insight, this review outlines a roadmap for developing next-generation photoelectrocatalysts aimed at scalable, sustainable solutions for energy and environmental needs.

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Published

2025-09-29

How to Cite

Ayyakannu Sundaram, G., & Wang, J. (2025). Next-generation photoelectrocatalysts: Real-time characterization and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Clean Energy Science and Technology, 3(3), 455. https://doi.org/10.18686/cest455

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Recent Advances in Production, Storage, Transportation and Utilization of Hydrogen Energy

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Review

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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