3D-printed stretchable conductive polymer composites with nano-carbon fillers for multifunctional applications

Authors

  • Chenpeng Zhao School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Ruqing Li School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Biao Fang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Rui Wang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Han Liang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Lei Wang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Ruilin Wu School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Yunan Wei School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Zhangyuan Wang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Zhipeng Su School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
  • Runwei Mo School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
Article ID: 84
201 Views

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18686/cest.v1i2.84

Keywords:

carbon-based materials; 3D printing technology; polymer composites; structural design; electronic devices

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials are widely used as substrate materials to prepare stretchable conductive composites due to their good stability, strong conductivity, and low price. In response to the demand for optimizing the performance of composite materials, various manufacturing methods for preparing carbon nanomaterial-reinforced stretchable conductive composite materials have emerged. Among them, 3D printing technology has the advantages of flexible processes and excellent product performance and has received widespread attention. This review focuses on the research progress of adding carbon nanomaterials as reinforcing phases to polymer materials using 3D printing technology. The application prospects of conductive polymer composites based on nanocarbon fillers in aerospace, energy storage, biomedicine, and other fields are prospected.

References

1. Cao D, Xing Y, Tantratian K, et al. 3D printed high-performance lithium metal microbatteries enabled by nanocellulose. Advanced Materials 2019; 31(14): 1807313. doi: 10.1002/adma.201807313

2. Chen X. Making electrodes stretchable. Small Methods 2017; 1(4): 1600029. doi: 10.1002/smtd.201600029

3. Lv Z, Li W, Yang L, et al. Custom-made electrochemical energy storage devices. ACS Energy Letters 2019; 4(2): 606–614. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02408

4. Zhao C, Wang R, Fang B, et al. Boosting the lithium storage properties of a flexible Li4Ti5O12/graphene fiber anode via a 3D printing assembly strategy. Batteries 2023; 9(10): 493. doi: 10.3390/batteries9100493

5. Wang C, Xia K, Wang H, et al. Advanced carbon for flexible and wearable electronics. Advanced Materials 2019; 31(9): 1801072. doi: 10.1002/adma.201801072

6. Bokobza L. Mechanical and electrical properties of elastomer nanocomposites based on different carbon nanomaterials. C—Journal of Carbon Research 2017; 3(2): 10. doi: 10.3390/c3020010

7. Mondal S, Khastgir D. Elastomer reinforcement by graphene nanoplatelets and synergistic improvements of electrical and mechanical properties of composites by hybrid nano fillers of graphene-carbon black & graphene-MWCNT. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2017; 102: 154–165. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.08.003

8. Ryan KR, Down MP, Hurst NJ, et al. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of electrically conductive polymers and polymer nanocomposites and their applications. eScience 2022; 2(4): 365–381. doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2022.07.003

9. Huang A, Ma Y, Peng J, et al. Tailoring the structure of silicon-based materials for lithium-ion batteries via electrospinning technology. eScience 2021; 1(2): 141–162. doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2021.11.006

10. Wang Z, Gao W, Zhang Q, et al. 3D-printed graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composites for stretchable and strain-insensitive temperature sensors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019; 11(1): 1344–1352. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b16139

11. Mo R, Rooney D, Sun K, Yang HY. 3D nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated germanium/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nanoarchitecture for high-performance flexible Li-ion battery. Nature Communications 2017; 8(1): 13949. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13949

12. Zhao C, Liang H, Wang R, et al. Recent advances in high value-added carbon materials prepared from carbon dioxide for energy storage applications. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 2023; 9: 100144. doi: 10.1016/j.ccst.2023.100144

13. de Leon AC, Chen Q, Palaganas NB, et al. High performance polymer nanocomposites for additive manufacturing applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers 2016; 103: 141–155. doi: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.04.010

14. Song WJ, Lee S, Song G, Park S. Stretchable aqueous batteries: Progress and prospects. ACS Energy Letters 2019; 4(1): 177–186. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02053

15. Song Z, Ma T, Tang R, et al. Origami lithium-ion batteries. Nature Communications 2014; 5(1): 3140. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4140

16. Bao Y, Zhang XY, Zhang X, et al. Free-standing and flexible limntio4/carbon nanotube cathodes for high performance lithium ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2016; 321: 120–125. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.121

17. Fu KK, Cheng J, Li T, Hu L. Flexible batteries: From mechanics to devices. ACS Energy Letters 2016; 1(5): 1065–1079. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00401

18. Bao Y, Hong G, Chen Y, et al. Customized kirigami electrodes for flexible and deformable lithium-ion batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020; 12(1): 780–788. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b18232

19. Storck JL, Ehrmann G, Uthoff J, Diestelhorst E. Investigating inexpensive polymeric 3D printed materials under extreme thermal conditions. Materials Futures 2022; 1(1): 015001. doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac4beb

20. de Castro Motta J, Qaderi S, Farina I, et al. Experimental characterization and mechanical modeling of additively manufactured TPU components of innovative seismic isolators. Acta Mechanica 2022. doi: 10.1007/s00707-022-03447-5

21. Buchanan C, Gardner L. Metal 3D printing in construction: A review of methods, research, applications, opportunities and challenges. Engineering Structures 2019; 180: 332–348. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.045

22. Zhu C, Liu T, Qian F, et al. 3D printed functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage. Nano Today 2017; 15: 107–120. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2017.06.007

23. Zhang F, Wei M, Viswanathan VV, et al. 3D printing technologies for electrochemical energy storage. Nano Energy 2017; 40: 418–431. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.037

24. Sousa RE, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Advances and future challenges in printed batteries. ChemSusChem 2015; 8(21): 3539–3555. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201500657

25. Tian X, Jin J, Yuan S, et al. Emerging 3D-printed electrochemical energy storage devices: A critical review. Advanced Energy Materials 2017; 7(17): 1700127. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201700127

26. Guo W, Wang X, Yang C, et al. Microfluidic 3D printing polyhydroxyalkanoates-based bionic skin for wound healing. Materials Futures 2022; 1: 015401. doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac446b

27. Park S, Shou W, Makatura L, et al. 3D printing of polymer composites: Materials, processes, and applications. Matter 2022; 5(1): 43–76. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.10.018

28. de Leon AC, Rodier BJ, Bajamundi C, et al. Plastic metal-free electric motor by 3D printing of graphene-polyamide powder. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2018; 1(4): 1726–1733. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00240

29. Hall A, Kong GX, Karanassios V. Detectors and light-sources for optical spectrometry: From a 3D-printed light-source to a self-powered sensor fabricated on a flexible polymeric substrate, and from there on to an IoT-enabled “smart” system. In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS); 8–10 July 2019; Glasgow, UK. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1109/fleps.2019.8792321

30. Kurra N, Jiang Q, Nayak P, Alshareef HN. Laser-derived graphene: A three-dimensional printed graphene electrode and its emerging applications. Nano Today 2019; 24: 81–102. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.12.003

31. Li C, Cheng J, He Y, et al. Polyelectrolyte elastomer-based ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities via multi-material 3D printing. Nature Communications 2023; 14(1): 4853. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40583-5

32. Li K, Liang M, Wang H, et al. 3D mxene architectures for efficient energy storage and conversion. Advanced Functional Materials 2020; 30(47): 2000842. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202000842

33. Lyu Z, Lim GJH, Koh JJ, et al. Design and manufacture of 3D-printed batteries. Joule 2021; 5(1): 89–114. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.010

34. Park J, Kim JK, Park SA, et al. 3D-printed biodegradable polymeric stent integrated with a battery-less pressure sensor for biomedical applications. In: Proceedings of the 2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS); 18–22 June 2017; Kaohsiung, Taiwan. pp. 14–50. doi: 10.1109/transducers.2017.7993984

35. Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, et al. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering 2018; 143: 172–196. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012

36. Zhu Y, Murali S, Cai W, et al. Graphene and graphene oxide: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Advanced Materials 2010; 22(35): 3906–3024. doi: 10.1002/adma.201001068

37. Unwin PR, Güell AG, Zhang G. Nanoscale electrochemistry of sp2 carbon materials: From graphite and graphene to carbon nanotubes. Accounts of Chemical Research 2016; 49(9): 2041–2408. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00301

38. Smith M. New developments in carbon fiber. Reinforced Plastics 2018; 62(5): 266–269. doi: 10.1016/j.repl.2017.07.004

39. Fu X, Xu L, Li J, et al. Flexible solar cells based on carbon nanomaterials. Carbon 2018; 139: 1063–1073. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.08.017

40. Bhagavatheswaran ES, Parsekar M, Das A, et al. Construction of an interconnected nanostructured carbon black network: Development of highly stretchable and robust elastomeric conductors. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015; 119(37): 21723–21731. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06629

41. Niu XZ, Peng SL, Liu LY, et al. Characterizing and patterning of PDMS-based conducting composites. Advanced Materials 2007; 19(18): 2682–2686. doi: 10.1002/adma.200602515

42. Song WJ, Park J, Kim DH, et al. Jabuticaba-inspired hybrid carbon filler/polymer electrode for use in highly stretchable aqueous Li-ion batteries. Advanced Energy Materials 2018; 8(10): 1702478. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702478

43. Shin MK, Oh J, Lima M, et al. Elastomeric conductive composites based on carbon nanotube forests. Advanced Materials 2010; 22(24): 2663–2667. doi: 10.1002/adma.200904270

44. Sekitani T, Nakajima H, Maeda H, et al. Stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display using printable elastic conductors. Nature Materials 2009; 8(6): 494–499. doi: 10.1038/nmat2459

45. Liu Z, Qian Z, Song J, Zhang Y. Conducting and stretchable composites using sandwiched graphene-carbon nanotube hybrids and styrene-butadiene rubber. Carbon 2019; 149: 181–189. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.037

46. Gao N, Fang X. Synthesis and development of graphene—Inorganic semiconductor nanocomposites. Chemical Reviews 2015; 115(16): 8294–83343. doi: 10.1021/cr400607y

47. Chen Z, Ren W, Gao L, et al. Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition. Nature Materials 2011; 10(6): 424–428. doi: 10.1038/nmat3001

48. Wang Z, Liu X, Shen X, et al. An ultralight graphene honeycomb sandwich for stretchable light-emitting displays. Advanced Functional Materials 2018; 28(19): 1707043. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201707043

49. Sun F, Tian M, Sun X, et al. Stretchable conductive fibers of ultrahigh tensile strain and stable conductance enabled by a worm-shaped graphene microlayer. Nano Letters 2019; 19(9): 6592–6599. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02862

50. Praveena BA, Lokesh N, Buradi A, et al. A comprehensive review of emerging additive manufacturing (3D printing technology): Methods, materials, applications, challenges, trends and future potential. Materials Today: Proceedings 2022; 52(Part 3): 1309–1313. doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.11.059

51. Kristiawan RB, Imaduddin F, Ariawan D, et al. A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters. Open Engineering 2021; 11(1): 639–649. doi: 10.1515/ENG-2021-0063

52. Pervaiz S, Qureshi TA, Kashwani G, Kannan S. 3D printing of fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: A status review. Materials 2021; 14(16): 4520. doi: 10.3390/MA14164520

53. Wei X, Li D, Jiang W, et al. 3D printable graphene composite. Scientific Reports 2015; 5(1): 11181. doi: 10.1038/srep11181

54. Zhu D, Ren Y, Liao G, et al. Thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 12/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites and parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2017; 134(39): 45332. doi: 10.1002/app.45332

55. Saadi MASR, Maguire A, Pottackal NT, et al. Direct ink writing: A 3D printing technology for diverse materials. Advanced Materials 2022; 34(28): 2108855. doi: 10.1002/ADMA.202108855

56. Singh M, Haverinen HM, Dhagat P, Jabbour GE. Inkjet printing—Process and its applications. Advanced Materials 2010; 22(6): 673–685. doi: 10.1002/adma.200901141

57. Lim S, Kang B, Kwak D, et al. Inkjet-printed reduced graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite electrodes for flexible transparent organic field-effect transistors. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012; 116(13): 7520–7525. doi: 10.1021/jp203441e

58. García-Tuñon E, Barg S, Franco J, et al. Printing in three dimensions with graphene. Advanced Materials 2015; 27(10): 1688–1693. doi: 10.1002/adma.201405046

59. Uçak N, Çiçek A, Aslantas K. Machinability of 3D printed metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting and electron beam melting: A review. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2022; 80: 414–457. doi: 10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2022.06.023

60. Acord KA, Dupuy AD, Scipioni Bertoli U, et al. Morphology, microstructure, and phase states in selective laser sintered lithium ion battery cathodes. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2021; 288: 116827. doi: 10.1016/J.JMATPROTEC.2020.116827

61. Zhou X, Nowicki M, Cui H, et al. 3D bioprinted graphene oxide-incorporated matrix for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Carbon 2017; 116: 615–624. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.02.049

62. Pagac M, Hajnys J, Ma QP, et al. A review of vat photopolymerization technology: Materials, applications, challenges, and future trends of 3D printing. Polymers 2021; 13(4): 598. doi: 10.3390/POLYM13040598

63. Costa BMDC, Griveau S, Bedioui F, et al. Stereolithography based 3D-printed microfluidic device with integrated electrochemical detection. Electrochimica Acta 2022; 407: 139888. doi: 10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2022.139888

64. Li C, Du J, Gao Y, et al. Stereolithography of 3D sustainable metal electrodes towards high‐performance nickel iron battery. Advanced Functional Materials 2022; 32(40): 2205317. doi: 10.1002/ADFM.202205317

65. Gaikwad S, Tate JS, Theodoropoulou N, Koo JH. Electrical and mechanical properties of PA11 blended with nanographene platelets using industrial twin-screw extruder for selective laser sintering. Journal of Composite Materials 2013; 47(23): 2973–2986. doi: 10.1177/0021998312460560

66. Shuai C, Feng P, Gao C, et al. Graphene oxide reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol): Nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. RSC Advances 2015; 5: 25416–25423. doi: 10.1039/C4RA16702C

67. Zhai F, Feng Y, Li Z, et al. 4D-printed untethered self-propelling soft robot with tactile perception: Rolling, racing, and exploring. Matter 2021; 4(10): 3313–3326. doi: 10.1016/J.MATT.2021.08.014

68. Yu Y, Feng Y, Liu F, et al. Carbon dots-based ultrastretchable and conductive hydrogels for high-performance tactile sensors and self-powered electronic skin. Small 2023; 19(31): 2204365. doi: 10.1002/SMLL.202204365

69. Zhu Y, Tang T, Zhao S, et al. Recent advancements and applications in 3D printing of functional optics. Additive Manufacturing 2022; 52: 102682. doi: 10.1016/J.ADDMA.2022.102682

70. Jiang Y, Islam MN, He R, et al. Recent advances in 3D printed sensors: Materials, design, and manufacturing. Advanced Materials Technologies 2023; 8(2): 2200492. doi: 10.1002/ADMT.202200492

71. Tan HW, Choong YYC, Kuo CN, et al. 3D printed electronics: Processes, materials and future trends. Progress in Materials Science 2022; 127: 100945. doi: 10.1016/J.PMATSCI.2022.100945

72. Zhang F, Feng Y, Feng W. Three-dimensional interconnected networks for thermally conductive polymer composites: Design, preparation, properties, and mechanisms. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 2020; 142: 100580. doi: 10.1016/J.MSER.2020.100580

73. Li Z, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Carbon-based functional nanomaterials: Preparation, properties and applications. Composites Science and Technology 2019; 179: 10–40. doi: 10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2019.04.028

74. Zhang D, Chi B, Li B, et al. Fabrication of highly conductive graphene flexible circuits by 3D printing. Synthetic Metals 2016; 217: 79–86. doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.03.014

75. Liu H, Zhang H, Han W, et al. 3D printed flexible strain sensors: From printing to devices and signals. Advanced Materials 2021; 33(8): 2004782. doi: 10.1002/ADMA.202004782

76. Schwierz F. Graphene transistors. Nature Nanotechnology 2010;5(7): 487–496. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.89

77. Xiang L, Wang Z, Liu Z, et al. Inkjet-printed flexible biosensor based on graphene field effect transistor. IEEE Sensors Journal 2016; 16(23): 8359–8364. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2608719

78. Huang L, Huang Y, Liang J, et al. Graphene-based conducting inks for direct inkjet printing of flexible conductive patterns and their applications in electric circuits and chemical sensors. Nano Research 2011; 4(7): 675–684. doi: 10.1007/s12274-011-0123-z

79. Willian MD, Michaela E, Mae CH, et al. A comprehensive review on the application of 3D printing in the aerospace industry. Key Engineering Materials 2022; 913: 27–34. doi: 10.4028/p-94a9zb

80. Mohanavel V, Ashraff Ali KS, Ranganathan K, et al. The roles and applications of additive manufacturing in the aerospace and automobile sector. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021; 47: 405–409. doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.04.596

81. Sugiyama K, Matsuzaki R, Ueda M, et al. 3D printing of composite sandwich structures using continuous carbon fiber and fiber tension. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2018; 113: 114–121. doi: 10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2018.07.029

82. Sai Saran O, Prudhvidhar Reddy A, Chaturya L, Pavan Kumar M. 3D printing of composite materials: A short review. Materials Today: Proceedings 2022; 64: 615–619. doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.05.144

83. Wang X, Jin J, Song M. An investigation of the mechanism of graphene toughening epoxy. Carbon 2013; 65: 324–333. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.08.032

84. Verma M, Verma P, Dhawan SK, Choudhary V. Tailored graphene based polyurethane composites for efficient electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic interference shielding applications. RSC Advances 2015; 5(118): 97349–97358. doi: 10.1039/C5RA17276D

85. Singh AP, Garg P, Alam F, et al. Phenolic resin-based composite sheets filled with mixtures of reduced graphene oxide, γ-Fe2O3 and carbon fibers for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding in the X-band. Carbon 2012; 50(10): 3868–3875. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.04.030

86. Fu K, Wang Y, Yan C, et al. Graphene oxide-based electrode inks for 3D-printed lithium-ion batteries. Advanced Materials 2016; 28(13): 2587–2594. doi: 10.1002/adma.201505391

87. Rocha VG, García-Tuñón E, Botas C, et al. Multimaterial 3D printing of graphene-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage using thermoresponsive inks. ACS Applied Materials＆Interfaces 2017; 9(42): 37136–37145. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b10285

88. Shen K, Mei H, Li B, et al. 3D printing sulfur copolymer-graphene architectures for Li-S batteries. Advanced Energy Materials 2018; 8(4): 1701527. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701527

89. Huang K, Yang J, Dong S, et al. Anisotropy of graphene scaffolds assembled by three-dimensional printing. Carbon 2018; 130: 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.120

90. Vernardou D, Vasilopoulos KC, Kenanakis G. 3D printed graphene-based electrodes with high electrochemical performance. Applied Physics A 2017; 123: 623. doi: 10.1007/s00339-017-1238-1

91. Fan D, Li Y, Wang X, et al. Progressive 3D printing technology and its application in medical materials. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020; 11: 516624. doi: 10.3389/FPHAR.2020.00122/BIBTEX

92. Al-Dulimi Z, Wallis M, Tan DK, et al. 3D printing technology as innovative solutions for biomedical applications. Drug Discovery Today 2021; 26(2): 360–383. doi: 10.1016/J.DRUDIS.2020.11.013

93. Chadha U, Abrol A, Vora NP, et al. Performance evaluation of 3D printing technologies: A review, recent advances, current challenges, and future directions. Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2022; 7(5): 853–886. doi: 10.1007/S40964-021-00257-4

94. Mallakpour S, Tabesh F, Hussain CM. 3D and 4D printing: From innovation to evolution. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2021; 294: 102482. doi: 10.1016/J.CIS.2021.102482

95. Zhang L, Forgham H, Shen A, et al. Nanomaterial integrated 3D printing for biomedical applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2022; 10(37): 7473–7490. doi: 10.1039/D2TB00931E

96. Kantaros A. 3D printing in regenerative medicine: Technologies and resources utilized. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022; 23(23): 14621. doi: 10.3390/IJMS232314621

97. Pavan Kalyan BG, Kumar L. 3D printing: Applications in tissue engineering, medical devices, and drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23(4): 1–20. doi: 10.1208/S12249-022-02242-8

98. Kalkal A, Kumar S, Kumar P, et al. Recent advances in 3D printing technologies for wearable (bio)sensors. Additive Manufacturing 2021; 46: 102088. doi: 10.1016/J.ADDMA.2021.102088

99. Bozkurt Y, Karayel E. 3D printing technology; methods, biomedical applications, future opportunities and trends. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021; 14: 1430–1450. doi: 10.1016/J.JMRT.2021.07.050

100. Wang W, Caetano G, Ambler WS, et al. Enhancing the hydrophilicity and cell attachment of 3D printed PCL/graphene scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9(12): 992. doi: 10.3390/ma9120992

101. Cheng Z, Landish B, Chi Z, et al. 3D printing hydrogel with graphene oxide is functional in cartilage protection by influencing the signal pathway of Rank/Rankl/OPG. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2018; 82: 244–252. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.069

102. Chen Q, Mangadlao JD, Wallat J, et al. 3D printing biocompatible polyurethane/poly(lactic acid)/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Anisotropic properties. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017; 9(4): 4015–4023. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b11793

103. Sayyar S, Bjorninen M, Haimi S, et al. UV cross-linkable graphene/poly(trimethylene carbonate) composites for 3D printing of electrically conductive scaffolds. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016; 8(46): 31916–31925. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b09962

A scheme of 3D-printed stretchable conductive polymer composites with nano-carbon fillers and their applications.

Downloads

Published

2023-11-24

How to Cite

Zhao, C., Li, R., Fang, B., Wang, R., Liang, H., Wang, L., Wu, R., Wei, Y., Wang, Z., Su, Z., & Mo, R. (2023). 3D-printed stretchable conductive polymer composites with nano-carbon fillers for multifunctional applications. Clean Energy Science and Technology, 1(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.18686/cest.v1i2.84

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Review

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Chenpeng Zhao, Ruqing Li, Biao Fang, Rui Wang, Han Liang, Lei Wang, Ruilin Wu, Yunan Wei, Zhangyuan Wang, Zhipeng Su, Runwei Mo

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.