Open Access Policy

Universe Scientific Publishing Pte. Ltd. (USP) provides immediate Gold Open Access to its contents, as USP believes that making research freely available to the public helps promote research results and in turn benefits the scholarly community as evidenced by the following:

• Open access brings more exposure to research
• Open access increases research impact
• Open access allows more people to participate in science
• Open access eliminates obstacles and facilitates research applications

All published contents are distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).