Biochemical role of experimentally induced malnutrition on depressed brain and moderate mood with blood picture in chicken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18686/fnc.v1i2.48Abstract
Background: Nutritional deficiency and malnutrition induce cyclothymia, depressed mood, and anemia. Therefore, in the present study, we experimentally induced malnutrition in chickens to follow up on brain functions and anemia profiles (blood indices) in chickens. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 one-day-old chicks that were equally divided into two groups and fed two different diets for six weeks. The control group was fed commercial grower and finisher rations during the growing and finishing periods, while the second group, which was the food deficiency test group, was fed yellow corn constantly during the growing and finishing periods. All chicks were weighed weekly to record weight differences. Whole blood samples and brain homogenates were collected from 10 chicks in each group every two weeks to evaluate brain tissue homogenate parameters, differential leukocyte count, complete blood count, and blood indices. Results: In the food deficiency group, acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) consistently increased throughout the study period. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased after the second and fourth weeks but showed no significant difference after the sixth week. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in the control group during the entire experiment. In terms of blood counts, the white blood cells (WBCs) were consistently higher in the food deficiency group. Eosinophils were significantly elevated after two and four weeks but not after six weeks. Lymphocytes were elevated in the control group after the second week and in the food deficiency group after six weeks. Band neutrophils increased significantly in the food deficiency group after six weeks, while monocytes increased after two weeks in the food deficiency group and after six weeks in the control group. Basophils and segmented neutrophils increased after two weeks in the food deficiency group but showed no significant differences after four and six weeks in either group. Furthermore, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet count increased significantly in the control group throughout the study. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased significantly after four and six weeks in the control group. Conclusion: Malnutrition can have high effects on brain functions and blood parameters.
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