城市建筑类型识别及节能潜力量化评估方法
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18686/cncest336关键词:
城市建筑；GIS数据；空间分析；XGBoost；能耗模拟；建筑节能摘要
随着和城市人口的持续增长，城市能源消耗将进一步扩大。开展城市建筑能源的定量分析，不仅有利于相关政策与评估标准的制定，更能有效推动城市建筑的节能减排工作。然而，当前城市建筑能耗模拟存在建筑物基础数据难以获取的难题，特别是建筑类型复杂多样且数量庞大，导致城市区域内各类建筑信息难以准确掌握。本研究结合空间分析手段与XGBoost（eXtreme Gradient Boosting）模型，综合利用建筑轮廓、POI（Point of Interest，兴趣点）、AOI（Area of Interest，兴趣面）以及土地利用类型等GIS数据，实现了深圳市86.83%建筑的识别与分类，识别准确率达84.17%。基于此，研究构建了18类典型建筑原型模型，并据此开展深圳市建筑能耗模拟与节能潜力评估，为城市建筑的节能减碳工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明，在四种节能措施中，高性能外窗改造的节能效果最为显著，节能率达6.2%；空调系统能效提升与节能灯具更换的节能效果相当，节能率分别为4.82%和4.14%；而绿色屋顶对于建筑节能的作用相对较小，节能率为1.27%。
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