热活性化建筑柔性负荷优化控制方法
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18686/cncest213关键词:
TABS；建筑能源柔性；模型预测控制；热惰性；多目标优化摘要
随着可再生能源在能源系统中的渗透率持续增加，能源供给侧的波动性与随机性不断提升，这对供能侧与需求侧的动态协同提出了新的挑战。建筑自身的热质量具有一定的蓄能潜力，相对于传统的主动蓄能方式，其经济性和潜在体量更为显著。在考虑建筑热惰性的前提下，如何对建筑柔性负荷进行活性化及精准控制成为当前的研究热点。本文基于一个热活性化建筑（Thermally Activated Building System, TABS）的实际案例，分析了建筑需求侧能源柔性潜力的激发方法及限制条件。通过建立多种模型预测控制（Model Predictive Control, MPC）方法，包括白箱MPC、灰箱MPC和黑箱MPC，本文对比分析了不同控制策略的室温控制效果及系统的经济性。与传统的基于规则的控制方法相比，MPC在室内温度控制、运行经济性、柔性负荷利用率上均表现出更优的性能，可有效节约能源成本20%，提高灵活性利用率近40%。此外，对比不同的MPC方法，白箱MPC在室温控制方面表现最优，而灰箱MPC在降低能源成本和提高能源灵活性方面更为有效。本文的结论将为建筑柔性负荷的高效利用以及控制方法的选用提供理论指导。
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