辐射制冷材料的发展与进步
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18686/cncest.v2i1.128摘要
工业时代以来，化石能源的大量使用导致温室气体的排放量不断增加，进而加速全球变暖。制冷能耗是能源消耗的重要组成部分，约占全球总能源消耗的20%，因此迫切需要发展低能耗、高效且环保的新型制冷技术以满足不断增长的制冷需求。辐射制冷因其零能耗制冷特性受到国内外学者的广泛关注，它的基本原理是地表物体通过大气层在“大气窗口”（8–13 μm）波段的高透过特性，将自身废热以热辐射的形式散失至低温太空，从而获得被动降温和制冷效果。早期阶段，辐射制冷的研究和探索局限于夜间工况，因此辐射制冷材料的核心在于红外发射率的优化与调控。相比于单纯的夜间辐射制冷，日间辐射制冷还可以在太阳辐射条件下实现被动降温与制冷，因此更具应用价值。
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